Direct answer: Doctors do not yet know one exact cause of uterine fibroids. Research suggests that genetic changes, hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone, and growth-related processes in uterine muscle cells contribute to their development. Risk is also associated with factors such as age, family history, Black ethnicity, obesity and never having been pregnant, but a risk factor is not the same thing as a direct cause.
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths of uterine muscle and connective tissue. They vary in size, number and location.
The exact cause remains unknown
One food, stressful event, contraceptive method, delayed pregnancy or supposed “hormone imbalance” should not be presented as the proven single cause of fibroids.
Hormones
Oestrogen and progesterone appear to be involved in fibroid growth, but saying that “too much oestrogen” is the cause is an oversimplification.
Genetics and family history
Genetic changes contribute to fibroid development, and having a close family history is associated with increased risk.
Age and Black ethnicity
Fibroids are common during the reproductive years and are more common, and often earlier or more symptomatic, in Black women. The disparity has multiple possible explanations; one proven biological explanation should not be assumed.
Obesity, blood pressure, reproductive history and early menarche
These factors have been reported as risk associations in research. An association is not proof that any one factor caused an individual woman’s fibroids.
Diet, soy, chicken and stress
Ordinary soy foods, claims about “hormone-injected chicken,” delayed pregnancy because of work or career, and ordinary stress should not be described as direct proven causes. Evidence is not strong enough for that certainty.
Contraception
Contraception does not generally cause fibroids. The relationship between hormones and fibroid growth is more nuanced and should be discussed with a qualified clinician when relevant.
Can fibroids be prevented?
There is no guaranteed prevention. A healthy weight, regular physical activity and a balanced diet are sensible for general health, but they should not be sold as a guaranteed fibroid-prevention programme.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Possible symptoms include heavy or prolonged periods, pelvic pressure or pain, abdominal enlargement, frequent urination, constipation and anaemia. Ultrasound is commonly used to assess fibroids, alongside the history and examination.
Questions after diagnosis
- How many fibroids do I have?
- Where are they located?
- How large are they?
- Are they causing my symptoms?
- Do I need treatment now?
- Could something else explain the bleeding or pain?
- Which treatment options are reasonable?
- Do my fertility plans affect the decision?
- Do I have anaemia?
- Which symptoms require urgent help?
Christian Miracle Hospital
Christian Miracle Hospital provides fibroid assessment and open myomectomy for appropriately assessed patients in Enugu. Confirm current fees and investigations directly.
This guide is for general patient education and does not replace individual medical assessment.
Related guides
- Fibroid overview: symptoms, causes and treatment
- Questions before a fibroid consultation
- How to compare fibroid treatment options in Nigeria
- How to Find a Hospital for Fibroid Surgery in Nigeria
- Contact Christian Miracle Hospital
References
Medical disclaimer: This article does not diagnose fibroids or determine which treatment is right for an individual woman. A qualified healthcare professional must assess symptoms, imaging, medical history and fertility goals.
For appointments or questions, contact Christian Miracle Hospital on WhatsApp: 006 811 7438.
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